Tone/Mood/Atmosphere in the Poem, My Mother at Sixty-Six

Overall tone: (Tone is how the writer feels, his/her voice) - Thoughtful, pensive, reflective, reminiscent, poignant, regretful, guilty.

The last few phrases, ‘see you soon, Amma’, and ‘smile and smile, and smile….’ suggest a sense of guilt about leaving her old mother behind in Cochin, not knowing if she will be around when she returns from her trip. The figure of speech is repetition, used to stress the word, ‘smile’.

Mood: (Mood is how the reader feels after reading the poem) – Contemplative, nostalgic, anxious, apprehensive, fatalistic, distressed, morose, remorseful, somber, and worried.

How is the mood created in the poem?

The poet describes an incident in her past when she had to leave her mother in Cochin to travel abroad for studies.

The words and phrases that create the mood include, ‘realised with pain’, ‘she was as old as she looked’, ‘familiar ache’, ‘childhood’s fear’, ‘see you soon, Amma’. These words put the reader into a contemplative mood.

The style of writing adds up to the mood. The poet uses a stream-of-consciousness method, she shifts from one thought to another, shift in perspective, as when she looks out of the window to see ‘Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling’. The poem ends in an ellipsis suggesting there is no closure or definitive answer to the question of grief, loss, death and the realisation that all of them are a reality, a fact that we need to accept!

Atmosphere: (Atmosphere is created through a combination of Tone and Mood, setting of the poem, style of writing and the genre of the poem.) – The atmosphere created in the poem is whimsical, sombre, sad, heavy, brooding, dark, morbid, and philosophical. The following expressions, phrases, and words: ‘I saw my mother,…doze, open-mouthed, her face ashen like a corpse’, ‘I looked at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon’ create atmosphere. These phrases including similes create an atmosphere of gloom, sadness, and impending tragedy. There is an atmosphere of foreshadowing, and loss, and grief.

 

The Great 'Samosa - Jalebi Controversy

Regrettably, a war of great proportions has erupted between the Samosa-Jalebi combo and the rest of the world of Fried foods, Burgers made of overnight patties, and packaged Junk Food made in Palm Oil. In a world driven by high-carb junk food and aerated fizzy drinks, the Banta included, one wonders why we have failed to recognize fast food cronies that are made up of patties that have been made overnight and select vegetables of doubtful provenance and quality that go into the so-called 'healthy sandwiches' that are, bolstered by a liberal slapping of Mayonaise that might be of great interest to forensic scientists analysing the increasing amounts unsaturated fats calories and obesity in those consuming it! The recent instructions of the CBSE to all affiliated schools to establish sugar boards to address concerns about excessive consumption of sugar and fried foods have fueled a controversy associated with the consumption of Samosas and Jalebi. It needs to, however, focus more on the consumption of other fast foods than Samosas and Jalebis, nor does it address the impact of a sedentary lifestyle of students today. The fact of the matter is that students are less likely to consume samosas and jalebis than fast foods like burgers and pizzas.

While many might blame the increasing levels of obesity in children on the increased consumption of junk food, processed food, and high-calorie drinks, including energy drinks banned all over the world but accepted in India, others will blame the lack of physical activity amongst children who spend more time poring over the screens of smartphones, tablets and laptops looking at content that is of questionable value. However, this battle between the Samosa and Jalebi duo becomes murkier with the alleged involvement of larger corporations entering the fray, purportedly to benefit from the chaos, seeking a possible uptick in sales of their packaged snacks.

Unfortunately, though the freshly made Samosas and Jalebis might not gain favour, at least amongst the more 'knowledgeable' generation, faced with an impressive arsenal of so-called healthier burgers and pizzas that are oil-free, they might, however, find support in the so-called vegans who advocate the consumption of vegan food, including vegan meat. In a world driven by 'Sugar Boards, Oil Boards, and Bulletin Boards, ' one can't help but wonder if we should not have 'Mother Boards, Father Boards, and Mentor Boards' to help us live healthier lives!

So, it seems that very soon we will see labels on Samosas and Jalebis with the warning, 'Eating Samosas and Jalebis is injurious to health,' and these will join companies with cigarettes and chewable tobacco that continue to fuel our economy through their sales. Unfortunately, there are many more eatables that are more harmful than the Samosa and Jalebi, but have probably been conveniently missed out. Some of the popular energy drinks sold in the market have been flagged by the FDA as being dangerous to health when consumed frequently or in excess. Some of the side effects of drinking energy drinks include: increased blood pressure and heart rate, increased risk of type 2 Diabetes, adverse kidney health, sleep-related issues, seizures, arrhythmias, and even death. The fact is that a lot of students bring these energy drinks to school! The unfortunate fact is that these energy drinks are produced by powerful organisations that use their clout to spread misinformation about the contents of their products.

The Samosa and the Jalebi are not, unfortunately, supported by powerful organisations, which is why they have been targeted as being dangerous to health. The humble Samosa and the humble Jalebi are the soul foods of every man; they are what the pizza and the cold drink are to the more sophisticated people who would like to flaunt their impeccable taste in food choices. While one shouldn't mind having a pizza or a burger once in a while, however, I have observed how students often bring them to school for the very reason that they are convenient and don't require cooking. Working parents might often not have the time to cook a tiffin full of lunch or breakfast for their children. Students regularly bring fast food items to school, items that are full of trans fats, starches, and other harmful preservatives that will keep a patty good for days. The cheese in the pizzas and burgers can be harmful in the long run. 

Humble Samosas and Jalebis are not allowed to go stale because they are most often prepared on the spot. Jalebis are best served piping hot, while steaming hot Samosas are best served with a generous helping of Chutney! To the best of my knowledge, no preservatives are used in their preparation, nor should they contain other hidden ingredients. Interestingly, both Samosas and Jalebis have their origin in the Middle East, not India. Throughout their long journey to India, both the Samosa and the Jalebi have found their way into the hearts of the people. They have become more Indian than Persian and are extolled for their nutritious value. The Jalebi taken with milk is supposed to ward off migraine. The combo is supposed to give instant energy to those who are not well or are exhausted. 

Exploring the Mushroom World through Macro Photography

Most National parks shut down by the time the monsoons arrive and wildlife photographers have to take a break. However, a wonderful and amazing world opens up to the lens, colourful, exciting and simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately very few of us bother to look down at the ground to see an amazing world waiting to be discovered!

Some mushrooms are difficult to identify and name. Quit a few of them might be psychedelic in in nature while others might be highly poisonous in nature. I spotted this weird looking mushroom and though I tried identifying it, google lens et al, I failed to do so!

Guttation in mushrooms refers to a phenomenon where liquid droplets are exuded from the fruiting body of the mushroom. This is how mushrooms force out excess moisture. In the case of Ganoderma linghzi mushrooms, the liquid might contain secondary metabolites, proteins and bioactive substances. Interestingly mushrooms have a metabolic process similar to plants. Check out the photograph below, which is that of a Ganoderma lingzhi mushroom undergoing a process of guttation.

 Ganoderma lingzhi Mushroom undergoing guttation

A Millipede approaches a Ganoderma mushroom.

Macro photography has its own specifics and requirements. You need to abandon your telescopic lens and instead choose a macro lens. I decided to experiment with a Canon-40mm F-2.8 pancake prime lens a lens that people more often use for street photography and portraits with amazing results. I abandoned my tripod and instead used a Manfrotto mini tripod in a folded state as a selfie stick or rather as a grip to point the camera through tight corners and angles.

A Millipede backs up on itself.

Millipedes and Phallic Stinkhorns have a very important function. They might be labelled as nature's recyclers. Millipedes feed on fallen leaves converting them into manure while Phallic Stinkhorns grow on fallen logs and tree stumps feeding on them and reducing them into assimilable material. Ganoderma mushrooms feed on living trees and often have a parasitic nature. Ganoderma Linzhi mushrooms have various health benefits and extracts made from them are sold as cures for cancers, and respiratory illnesses.  

It is indeed an amazing world waiting to be discovered. A study of the micro world teaches us about how micro organisms work hard to recycle organic waste like leaves and other objects. Mushrooms are fascinating and a joy to photograph. Amazingly, Stinkhorn Mushrooms have a distinctive stink while Ganoderma Linghzi Mushrooms have distinctly bright colours contrasting with an ice-cream white top surface.

A Phallic Stinkhorn Mushroom grows on a fallen tree-trunk.

Why do we need Social Emotional Learning Programs in Schools all over the World?

Increasing concerns associated with mental health related issues have forced educators and researchers to address it. Societal pressure, peer pressure, and parental pressure have exposed students to unprecedented stress levels! Even the hardest of metals, steel and Titanium included suffer from metal fatigue when stressed, so how much more can a child's mind tolerate? The mad rush for marks, qualifying in entrance exams, limited career options, and competition in the job market have impacted the mental health of all people, and mostly children. Children are more vulnerable to stress because of their growing minds. It is for this reason that all schools need to introduce SEL programs in their schools. Shared under are a few slides that can be used to introduce SEL programs in schools. To view the slides, kindly click on each slide and view it in its original form.

It is very important to have a plan, and teaching children to plan their days can help immensely. Short term plans, and long term plans, micro-planning and macro planning, all of them, essentials of Smart Goals have an important role to play in improving emotional and mental health. The slide posted below depicts how stressed out students can be, how planning can help them get into grips with their lives. Although the slide is meant to provide suggestions for better planning for exams, it can also be used to plan out the entire year.

There used to be a saying that stated, "All play and no work makes Jack a dull boy!' However the opposite has become true! Today a more apt saying would be, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy!" The fact of the matter is that today our children do not know how to play with each other. Children find it difficult to connect with each other and if they do, then it is probably to gang up and bully others. Children today are strung up, they go to school, attend coaching classes, do home tuitions, and have hardly any time to live life like they are meant to.